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WATER
AND SANITATION Commitments: By 2015, to halve the percentage of people without access to sanitation as well as the percentage without access to safe drinking water. One of the summit's most significant achievements, this aim won endorsement thanks to the EU, CEE and developing countries. Initiatives: The US pledged USD 970 million on water and sanitation projects. The EU announced the Water for Life initiative to engage partners to meet goals for water and sanitation, primarily in Africa and Central Asia. The Asia Development Bank provided a USD 5 million grant to UN Habitat and USD 500 million in fast track credit for the Water for Asian Cities Programme. And the UN received 21 other water and sanitation initiatives with at least USD 20 million in extra resources. FISHERIES Commitments: Attendees agreed that fisheries would be subjected to no more than their maximum sustainable yields by 2015. They agreed to establish a representative net-work of marine protected areas by 2012, which may be too late as more than 70 percent of commercially important stocks are either depleted or already or nearly over-exploited. BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT Commitments: Attendees agreed to reduce biodiversity loss by 2010 and to reverse the trend in natural resource degradation. Developing countries are to have access to alternatives to ozone depleting chemicals by 2010 and nations promised to implement a global plan to protect natural waters from land-based pollution. Initiatives: The UN received 32 partnership initiatives with USD 100 million in resources and the US announced USD 53 million for forests in 2002-05. ENERGY The agreement on voluntary regional and national targets for access to renewable energy included no concrete tar-gets, although some developing countries, the EU and CEE agreed to press ahead with renewable energy anyway. Commitments: Nations agreed to increase access to modern energy services, increase energy efficiency and increase the use of renewable energy. Meanwhile they would phase out, where appropriate, energy subsidies a formulation with little potential of enforcement. They voiced support for ensuring access to energy for at least 35 percent of the Africans within 20 years. Initiatives: The nine major electricity companies of the E7 agreed to help with sustainable energy projects in developing countries. The EU announced a USD 700 million partnership initiative and the United States said it would invest up to USD 43 million in 2003. The UN received 32 partnership submissions for projects with at least USD 26 million in resources. HEALTH Commitments: By 2020, chemicals should be used and produced in ways that do not harm human health and the environment. Cooperation to cut air pollution would be enhanced and developing countries should have access to alternatives to ozone-depleting chemicals by 2010. Initiatives: The US committed USD 2.3 billion through 2003 on health, some of which was earmarked earlier for the Global Fund. The UN received 16 partnership submissions for health projects with USD 3 million in resources. AGRICULTURE Commitments: Delegates agreed to develop food security strategies for Africa by 2005. Initiatives: The US will invest USD 90 million in 2003 for sustainable agriculture programmes. The UN received 17 partner-ship submissions with at least USD 2 million in additional resources. POVERTY AND GENERAL ISSUES The results here were disappointing, with attendees committing only to push ahead with a two-year-old goal of halving the number of people living on less than USD 1 a day by 2015. Commitments: Nations recognised opening markets as key to development for many countries and pledged to phase out all forms of export subsidies and said they would establish a 10-year framework of programmes on sustainability. Initiatives: Agreement to replenish the Global Environment Facility, with a total of USD 3 billion (USD 2.92 billion announced pre-Summit and USD 80 million added by EU in Johannesburg). |
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